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Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986)
In the Action in the Gulf of Sidra, the United States Navy deployed aircraft carrier groups in the disputed Gulf of Sidra in the Mediterranean Sea. Libya claimed that the entire Gulf was their territory, at 32° 30' N, with an exclusive fishing zone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.indexmundi.com/libya/maritime_claims.html )〕 Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi asserted this in 1973 and dubbed it The Line of Death. The United States claimed its rights to conduct naval operations in international waters, a standard of territorial limit from a country's shore.
==Background==
Tensions between the United States and Libya heightened after the hijacking of TWA Flight 847 on 14 June 1985 and the Rome and Vienna airport attacks on 27 December that same year. The United States claimed that the Libyan leader was involved in these actions through his support of the alleged perpetrator, Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal.
Some suspect that Nidal was working for both U.S. and Israeli intelligence. At the same time Libya began the installation of SA-5 surface-to-air missile batteries and radars they received from the Soviet Union in late 1985, to bolster their air defense. As the US Navy had done for several years, they continued to challenge Libya's claim to the Gulf of Sidra by crossing the so-called "Line of Death." Following the terrorist attacks in Rome and Vienna, the US Navy began several "Freedom of Navigation" operations in the area around Libya in an operation named "Attain Document", the first two parts of the operation being held from 26–30 January, and 12–15 February without incident. The third part of the operation began on 23 March with an armada from the United States Sixth Fleet consisting of three aircraft carriers – , and ; five cruisers, six frigates, 12 destroyers, 250 aircraft and 27,000 personnel conducting three carrier operations near the gulf. The and the were the fuel, ammunition and combat stores (food and supplies) replenishment ships that supplied the entire battle group.
Previously Gaddafi had made threats that he would shoot down or destroy US aircraft or ships moving over the "Line of Death". According to US Secretary of State George P. Shultz, America's position was quite clear; there would be no restriction on US naval movements through international waters. By crossing the "Line of Death", American forces were asserting their right to keep international sea lanes open and "conduct naval and air exercises in every part of the globe." During the operations held in January and February, the United States Navy had made 130 intercepts of Libyan fighters in the airspace over the Gulf of Sidra, although neither side opened fire.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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